Google Maps is an electronic mapping service released by Google on February 8, 2005. It provides vector maps containing global urban administrative divisions, traffic, and business information, satellite photos with different resolutions, and topographic views that can be used to display terrain and contour lines.
Instagram is a cross-platform mobile app for iOS, Android, etc., enabling users to take photos, apply over 10 filters (like Lomo), and share content to social platforms with one tap. As a lightweight social tool, its core value lies in integrating social features like friend interaction and content sharing, rather than just being a photo app.
By ByteDance, a Chinese technology company. Since its launch in 2017, it has rapidly become one of the world's most popular mobile applications. As of August 2025, TikTok has over 170 million users in the United States, emerging as a crucial sales channel for numerous small and medium-sized enterprises as well as individual entrepreneurs.Core Functions: Intelligent recommendation\Creation tools\Social interaction
Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his Harvard classmates, initially named "TheFacebook" and available only to college students, before gradually opening up to global users. Its core functions revolve around social interaction: users can create personal profiles, add friends, post text, image and video updates, and access content through the "News Feed" to interact with others. It also supports interest groups, brand pages, live streaming, short videos and second-hand transactions, catering to diverse needs.
Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994. Starting as an online bookstore, it has grown into a world-leading e-commerce and technology giant, with businesses spanning e-commerce, cloud computing (AWS), streaming media, and more. Its core functions focus on retail and diversified services: the e-commerce platform offers a vast range of products for sale and third-party merchant onboarding; Prime membership includes fast delivery and streaming benefits; AWS provides cloud computing services, catering to both consumer and enterprise needs. With users covering global consumers and corporate clients, it holds a significant position in various markets. It serves as a major channel for daily shopping and a key partner for enterprises in digital transformation.
YouTube is a world-renowned video-sharing and social platform founded by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim in 2005, and acquired by Google in 2006. The platform allows users to upload, watch, and share various types of video content, covering diverse genres such as music videos, educational courses, film and television clips, vlogs, and game live streams, with daily video views exceeding 5 billion.
X.com (formerly Twitter) was launched in 2006 by founders including Jack Dorsey. Initially, it was a social platform allowing users to post 140-character short messages (tweets), before gradually expanding its features and being renamed X in 2023. Its core functions are centered on real-time information dissemination: users can post text, images, and video content (tweets), obtain information feeds through the "follow" mechanism, and engage in interactions such as reposting, commenting, and liking. It also includes features like hashtags, private messaging, live streaming, and long-form posts, combining both social and information dissemination attributes.
The core principle of a Web Crawler lies in an automated information retrieval system based on the HTTP/HTTPS protocol. Its operational process can be decomposed into a closed-loop workflow of "target discovery - request sending - data parsing - state management - recursive expansion", involving multiple technical dimensions such as network communication, data processing, and algorithm optimization.
The application layer proxy is a proxy technology that operates at the application layer (the 7th layer) of the OSI seven - layer network model. It performs data forwarding and processing for specific application - layer protocols (such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, HTTPS, etc.). It can understand and parse the specific content of application - layer protocols (such as request headers, data formats, instructions, etc.) instead of simply forwarding data packets.
Reverse proxy technology is a type of network proxy service whose core function is to **act on behalf of servers (such as backend service clusters, target websites) to receive requests from clients, forward the requests to corresponding backend servers, and then return the servers' responses to the clients**. Simply put, a reverse proxy is like a "goalkeeper" for the servers; clients only interact with the reverse proxy server and cannot directly perceive the actual existence of the backend servers.
Forward proxy technology is a type of network proxy service whose core function is to **act on behalf of clients (such as user devices, internal network hosts) to initiate requests to external networks (such as the Internet) and return responses from the external network to the clients**. Simply put, a forward proxy is like a "middleman" for the client, helping the client access resources that might not be directly accessible, while hiding the client's real identity.
A "Proxy" is an intermediate entity located between a client and a target service. Its main function is to forward requests, process data, or provide additional features, and it is essentially an "intermediary service". It receives requests from the client, processes them according to preset rules, forwards them to the target server, and then returns the server's response to the client, thereby enabling communication without directly exposing either party to the other.
A browser is a software application used to access and display information on the World Wide Web (WWW). It can communicate with web servers through protocols such as HTTP and HTTPS, obtain resources like web pages, images, and videos, and present them in a user - understandable form (such as text, images, and interactive interfaces). Common browsers include: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, and Opera.
Network operation and maintenance is a technical field within the operation and maintenance domain that focuses on the planning, deployment, monitoring, maintenance, optimization, and troubleshooting of computer network infrastructure. Its core goal is to ensure the connectivity, stability, security, and efficiency of the network, providing reliable communication support for various IT systems (such as servers, applications, and terminal devices).
DevOps is a methodological and practical system that integrates software Development and IT Operations. Its core lies in breaking down the barriers between development and operations teams through automated toolchains and a collaborative culture, thereby accelerating the entire lifecycle of software—from development to deployment.