Google Maps is an electronic mapping service released by Google on February 8, 2005. It provides vector maps containing global urban administrative divisions, traffic, and business information, satellite photos with different resolutions, and topographic views that can be used to display terrain and contour lines.

Instagram is a cross-platform mobile app for iOS, Android, etc., enabling users to take photos, apply over 10 filters (like Lomo), and share content to social platforms with one tap. As a lightweight social tool, its core value lies in integrating social features like friend interaction and content sharing, rather than just being a photo app.

By ByteDance, a Chinese technology company. Since its launch in 2017, it has rapidly become one of the world's most popular mobile applications. As of August 2025, TikTok has over 170 million users in the United States, emerging as a crucial sales channel for numerous small and medium-sized enterprises as well as individual entrepreneurs.Core Functions: Intelligent recommendation\Creation tools\Social interaction

Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his Harvard classmates, initially named "TheFacebook" and available only to college students, before gradually opening up to global users. Its core functions revolve around social interaction: users can create personal profiles, add friends, post text, image and video updates, and access content through the "News Feed" to interact with others. It also supports interest groups, brand pages, live streaming, short videos and second-hand transactions, catering to diverse needs.

Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994. Starting as an online bookstore, it has grown into a world-leading e-commerce and technology giant, with businesses spanning e-commerce, cloud computing (AWS), streaming media, and more. Its core functions focus on retail and diversified services: the e-commerce platform offers a vast range of products for sale and third-party merchant onboarding; Prime membership includes fast delivery and streaming benefits; AWS provides cloud computing services, catering to both consumer and enterprise needs. With users covering global consumers and corporate clients, it holds a significant position in various markets. It serves as a major channel for daily shopping and a key partner for enterprises in digital transformation.

YouTube is a world-renowned video-sharing and social platform founded by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim in 2005, and acquired by Google in 2006. The platform allows users to upload, watch, and share various types of video content, covering diverse genres such as music videos, educational courses, film and television clips, vlogs, and game live streams, with daily video views exceeding 5 billion.

X.com (formerly Twitter) was launched in 2006 by founders including Jack Dorsey. Initially, it was a social platform allowing users to post 140-character short messages (tweets), before gradually expanding its features and being renamed X in 2023. Its core functions are centered on real-time information dissemination: users can post text, images, and video content (tweets), obtain information feeds through the "follow" mechanism, and engage in interactions such as reposting, commenting, and liking. It also includes features like hashtags, private messaging, live streaming, and long-form posts, combining both social and information dissemination attributes.

The core principle of a Web Crawler lies in an automated information retrieval system based on the HTTP/HTTPS protocol. Its operational process can be decomposed into a closed-loop workflow of "target discovery - request sending - data parsing - state management - recursive expansion", involving multiple technical dimensions such as network communication, data processing, and algorithm optimization.

A browser is a software application used to access and display information on the World Wide Web (WWW). It can communicate with web servers through protocols such as HTTP and HTTPS, obtain resources like web pages, images, and videos, and present them in a user - understandable form (such as text, images, and interactive interfaces). Common browsers include: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, and Opera.

A rapid development framework based on Spring. It simplifies the setup and configuration of Spring projects through "automatic configuration" (eliminating the need for extensive XML files) and supports embedded servers (e.g., Tomcat), enabling quick development of independently running backend services (e.g., RESTful APIs).

Google’s cross-platform framework (Dart-based). Uses a custom renderer for “write once, run anywhere” (iOS/Android/Web/desktop). High performance and consistent UI—used in apps like Xiaohongshu.

An open-source distributed message queue that supports high-throughput and low-latency message transmission. It enables decoupling and asynchronous communication between systems, and is core to log collection, real-time data streaming (e.g., real-time recommendation systems), and traffic peak shaving in high-concurrency scenarios.

An open-source distributed big data storage and computing framework. Its core components include HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System, for storing massive data) and MapReduce (a distributed computing model for processing large-scale data), serving as the foundation of the big data technology stack.

An open-source distributed search engine built on Lucene. It supports full-text search and complex aggregation analysis, excelling in processing unstructured data (e.g., logs, documents). It is often combined with Logstash and Kibana to form the ELK Stack, used for log analysis and search engine construction (e.g., e-commerce product search).

Apple’s mobile OS (iPhone/iPad). Developed with Xcode (Objective-C/Swift)—apps require App Store approval.

Google’s open mobile OS (phones/tablets). Developed with Android Studio (Java/Kotlin)—apps published to Google Play or Chinese stores (Huawei, Xiaomi).

Apple’s macOS-only IDE for iOS/macOS/watchOS/tvOS dev. Includes simulators, debuggers, and App Store packaging—the only official iOS dev tool.

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