An interpreted language with concise and readable syntax, and a vast collection of third-party libraries. It excels in data processing, artificial intelligence, and automated script development, and is also used in web backend development (with frameworks like Django/Flask) and web scraping.

A statically compiled language developed by Google, focusing on high concurrency (based on Goroutines/Channels) and simple syntax. It is suitable for distributed systems, microservices, and cloud-native application development, and is widely used in backend services (e.g., API gateways, message queues).

A modern JVM-based programming language compatible with Java, featuring more concise syntax, null safety, and coroutines. It is the preferred language for Android development and is also used in backend development (integrated with the Spring framework).

A JVM-based language that combines object-oriented and functional programming paradigms. It offers flexible syntax and supports high concurrency, making it core to the development and extension of big data processing frameworks (e.g., Spark, Flink) and suitable for complex data computing scenarios.

A systems-level programming language emphasizing memory safety and high performance. It prevents memory leaks through an ownership system and requires no garbage collection. It is used in operating system kernels, embedded development, blockchain (e.g., Solana), and high-performance tool development.

An open-source advanced relational database that is compatible with SQL standards and supports NoSQL features (e.g., JSON storage). It offers strong scalability and data integrity guarantees, making it suitable for scenarios requiring complex queries and geographic information system (GIS) storage, and is increasingly used in enterprise-level projects.

A lightweight progressive frontend framework that focuses on the view layer. With concise and easy-to-learn syntax, it supports component-based development, making it suitable for quickly building small to medium-sized web applications. Its ecosystem includes tools like Vue Router (for routing) and Pinia (for state management).

A former mainstream JavaScript library for frontend development that simplifies DOM manipulation (e.g., element selection, event binding) and AJAX requests. It was once widely used in projects with strict compatibility requirements but is gradually being replaced by modern frontend frameworks, though it is still used in some legacy projects.

An enterprise-level frontend framework maintained by Google, developed based on TypeScript. It provides a complete MVC architecture and a rich ecosystem (e.g., routing, form validation, HTTP modules), making it suitable for building large and complex web applications (e.g., enterprise ERP systems).

A desktop UI component library based on Vue.js. It offers a large number of out-of-the-box components (e.g., tables, tree controls, dialogs) with a concise and consistent design style, greatly reducing the development cost of backend admin systems. The current mainstream version is Element Plus (adapted for Vue 3).

A classic responsive frontend framework that enables "develop once, adapt to multiple ends" (PC, mobile) through CSS classes and JavaScript plugins. It includes a grid system, forms, navigation, and other components, making it suitable for quickly building responsive web pages.

A commercial relational database developed by Oracle Corporation. It is highly powerful and stable, supporting massive data storage and complex transaction processing. It is core to enterprise-level scenarios with strict requirements for data security and availability (e.g., core banking systems).

An open-source document-oriented NoSQL database that stores unstructured/semi-structured data in JSON format. It supports flexible schema design, making it suitable for scenarios where data structures change frequently (e.g., social media platforms, content management systems).

An open-source in-memory database that supports multiple data structures (e.g., key-value pairs, hashes, lists, sets). It offers extremely fast read/write speeds and is mainly used for caching (to reduce database load), session storage, distributed locks, and message queues, often serving as a "performance accelerator" for backend systems.

A lightweight embedded relational database that requires no independent server, with data stored in a single file. It is suitable for resource-constrained scenarios (e.g., mobile apps, desktop software, small IoT devices) and is easy to operate, though it is not suitable for high-concurrency scenarios.